Wikipedia:Wikipedia:IPA for Swedish and Norwegian
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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swedish and Norwegian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Swedish phonology and Norwegian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of these languages. Examples in the table are Swedish unless otherwise noted.
| Consonants | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPA | Examples | Nearest English equivalent |
| b | bok [ˈbuːk] "book" | book |
| ɕ, ç | kjol [ˈɕuːl] "skirt" (Swedish) [ˈçuːl] (Norwegian) |
she (Swedish) huge (Norwegian) |
| d | dop [ˈduːp] "christening" | do |
| ɖ | nord [ˈnuːɖ] "north"[1] | order |
| f | fot [ˈfuːt] "foot" | foot |
| ɡ | god [ˈɡuːd] "good" | good |
| h | hot [ˈhuːt] "threat" | hoot |
| ɧ, ʃ | sjok [ˈɧuːk] "chunk" (Swedish)[2] [ˈʃuːk] (Norwegian) |
loch etc. (Swedish) shoe (Norwegian) |
| j | jord [ˈjuːɖ] "earth" | you |
| k | kon [ˈkʰuːn] "cone" | coo |
| l | lov [ˈluːv] "tack" (sailing) [ˈloːʋ] (Norwegian) |
louver |
| ɭ | Karlstad [ˈkʰɑːɭ.sta] (the town)[1] | twirler |
| m | mod [ˈmuːd] "courage" | mood |
| n | nod [ˈnuːd] "node" | noon |
| ɳ | Vänern [ˈvɛːnəɳ] (the lake)[1] | turner |
| ŋ | lång [ˈlɔŋ] "long" | long |
| p | pol [ˈpʰuːl] "pole" (of rotation) | pool |
| r, ɾ | fira [ˈfiːra] "celebrate" (Swedish) [ˈfiːɾa] (Norwegian)[3] |
A flapped or trilled R |
| s | sot [ˈsuːt] "soot" | soon |
| ʂ | fersk [ˈfæʂːk] "fresh"[1] | marshal |
| ʃ, ɧ | sjok [ˈɧuːk] "chunk" (Swedish)[2] [ˈʃuːk] (Norwegian) |
loch etc. (Swedish) shoe (Norwegian) |
| t | tok [ˈtʰuːk] "fool" | too |
| ʈ | karta [ˈkʰɑːʈa] "map"[1] | Carter |
| v, ʋ | våt [ˈvoːt] "wet" (Swedish) [ˈʋoːt] (Norwegian) |
vote (Swedish) between v and w (Norwegian) |
| ʐ | rov [ˈʐuːv] "prey; loot" (Swedish)[3] [ˈɾoːʋ] (Norwegian) |
between Jacques and rue (Swedish) flapped R (Norwegian) |
| Vowels | ||
| ɑː | mat [ˈmɑːt] "food" | bra |
| a | matt [ˈmat] "listless" | French or Spanish a |
| æ | fersk [ˈfæʂːk] "fresh"[4] | mask |
| æː | ära [æːra] "honor"[4] | like mask but longer |
| eː | hel [ˈheːl] "whole" | ear |
| ɛ | häll [ˈhɛl] "flat rock" | hell |
| ɛː | häl [ˈhɛːl] "heel" | like hell but longer |
| iː | sil [ˈsiːl] "sieve" | seal |
| ɪ | sill [ˈsɪl] "herring" | sill |
| oː | mål [ˈmoːl] "goal" | mol, with round lips |
| ɔ | moll [ˈmɔl] "minor" (music) | moll, with round lips |
| øː | nöt [ˈnøːt] "nut" | French or German long ö, with round lips |
| œ | nött [ˈnœt] "worn" | French œu or German short ö, with round lips |
| œː | öra [œːra] "ear"[4] | like œ but longer |
| ɵ | full [ˈfɵl] "full" | dinosaur, in some dialects, with tight lips[5] |
| uː | bot [ˈbuːt] "penance" | boot, with tight lips[5] |
| ʉː | ful [ˈfʉːl] "ugly" | fuel, Australian fool, with tight lips[5][6] |
| ʊ | bott [ˈbʊt] "lived" | put, with tight lips[5] |
| yː | syl [ˈsyːl] "awl" | French u or German long ü, with round lips |
| ʏ | syll [ˈsʏl] "sleeper" (railroad) | German short ü, with round lips |
| unstressed | ||
| ə | begå [bəˈɡoː] "commit" | bedeck |
| Stress and tone | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPA | Examples | |
| Swedish | ||
| ˈâ | [ˈan˥˧dɛn˩] "the duck" | Tone 1 (Single Tone): falling tone in Stockholm |
| ˈâ.â | [ˈan˧˩dɛn˥˩] "the spirit" | Tone 2 (Double Tone): mid–low followed by high–low tone in Stockholm |
| Norwegian | ||
| ˈà | Tone 1: low tone in Oslo | |
| ˈâ | Tone 2: Falling tone on stressed syllable in Oslo | |
Notes
- ^ a b c d e [ɖ ɭ ɳ ʂ ʈ] are pronounced [ʀd ʀl ʀn ʀs ʀt] in Southern Swedish and [rd rl rn rs rt] in some Finland Swedish dialects
- ^ a b Swedish [ɧ] is a regionally variable sound, sometimes [xʷ], [ɸˠ], or [ʂ]
- ^ a b /r/ is regionally variable; in Stockholm, it tends to be pronounced [r] between vowels and after a consonant, [ʐ] or [ɻ] initially and before a consonant. In Oslo it is [ɾ].[citation needed]
- ^ a b c Found before /r/
- ^ a b c d Vowels spelled u, o are compressed vowels. Those spelled ö/ø, y, å, on the other hand, are protruded vowels.
- ^ [ʉː] is a central vowel in Oslo, but a front vowel in Stockholm.
Bibliography
- Duden 6: Das Aussprachewörterbuch (3d edition, 1990, ISBN 3-411-20916-X).
